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Even with regular and proper brushing and flossing, plaque and tartar will still build up over time.
Saliva in our mouths contains calcium and bacteria. Dental plaque is a soft film enveloping teeth which consists of thousands of different types of bacteria embedded in a matrix of proteins, sugars and lipids. Calcified (hardened) dental plaque is known as tartar. Brushing and flossing may remove some plaque but is unable to remove accumulated tartar.
Scaling removes plaque and tartar and polishing removes stains and remaining plaque while smoothening and shining teeth so that dental plaque cannot attach easily to tooth surfaces.
Polishing may then be followed by a fluoride gel or foam treatment to reduce post-scaling sensitivity and reduce the risk of tooth decay.